Health Policy A Critical Analysis

Executive Summary The Australian Health Care System faces many challenges that affect efficient delivery of services. The challenges range from lack of a clear distinction between the roles of the State, Commonwealth, and the private sector. Issues of persistent health insurance wrangles, influx of untested technologies, little emphasis on preventive health care, and prohibitive cost are the other challenges.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Health Policy: A Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Palmer and Short (2000), the apparent lack of good policies has worsened the situation. With clearly spelt out responsibilities between the Commonwealth, State, and private sector, stakeholders in healthcare will contain the problems inherent in the system. Dr. Andrew Southcott, the Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Primary Health Care, in the run-up to the 2013 election, proposed a raft of reforms in the health care sector. If elected, the opposition coalition promised to review the structure upon which the State delivers primary care. The opposition was concerned that in spite of heavy funding, Medicare Locals do not deliver quality and uninterrupted services. The proposed health policy will inevitably have social, political, economic and epidemiological effects. Socially, the policy will affect access to primary care especially by those in the low economic substratum. Economically, the health policy portends little expenditure by ensuring resources are spent in a transparent and accountable manner. The policy will however face resistance from health care providers and lobbyist who will see it as a threat to their economic lifeline. Introduction Gardner and Barraclough (2002) identify the origin of Australia’s Health Care problems to the paradox of â€Å"the federal government financing a medical care system where most services are provided by private practit ioners† (54). Like in other states, government ought to have high levels of control over a program that falls under its financial purview. It is against this background that the opposition coalition sought to exercise more authority in policymaking especially with Medicare locals. Through its shadow parliamentary secretary for primary health care, the coalition expressed desire to ensure that Medicare locals follow the general medical practice. The proposed reforms also sought to ensure that more funding goes to clinical services rather than administrative functions of Medicare locals. Additionally, the federal government sought to oversee all tendering processes and ensure disruptions to clinical services are non-existent. The Medicare Local spokesperson expressed displeasure with the move citing that the Medicare locals are the true essence of decentralized services. Further, the organization lambasted the opposition coalition for planning to deny local communities access to clinical services in spite of the strong benefits of scale in the Medicare locals’ favor.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper will demonstrate that the proposed health policy is not the panacea to challenges bedeviling health care system in Australia but the coalition needs to consult and circumspect before full adoption. To do so, the paper will apply economic, social, political, and epidemiological yardsticks. Proposed Health Policy: Analytical Perspective Political Perspective The originators of the Medicare Locals idea wanted to take clinical services closer to the communities. They gave local practitioners total control over the program despite the funding by federal governments (Barraclough Gardner, 2008). Over years, the system has entrenched itself into Australia’s health care psyche to an extent that any disruption or change will elicit resi stance. From a political perspective, opposition coalition’s proposals will face resistance from professional monopolists, corporate rationalists, and community interests. The reaction by the Medicare Locals association fired the first salvo when it accused the opposition of â€Å"putting at risk the very real opportunity for communities to have, for the first time, health services tailored directly to their local demands† (Patrick, p.32, 2013). It is evident that medical professionals are for the retention of the status quo. The other resistance came from corporate rationalists and community interests. A good example is insurance sector. Health care pundits cite insurance lobbyists as a great obstacle in reforming the sector, all over the world (Taylor, Foster, Fleming, 2008). With the proposed reforms, insurance profits will plummet as they hide most of their cost within administrative rather than clinical functions. Insurance cartels thrive through stringent bureau cracies in the health sector. If such bottlenecks diminish, federal government will force cartels out of business. Designers of Medicare Locals envisaged a devolved health care in which communities will have considerable control over clinical services and facilities within their neighborhood. Community interests will therefore oppose the move with all their might. Economic Perspective The proposal by the opposition coalition sought to minimize cost and maximize efficiency of Medicare Locals. This underpins the success of any health policy. By funding and auditing the locals, the federal government will ensure hegemony in clinical services and reduce disruption of services. Rather than allow clinical services, there should be concerted efforts form the federal government to ensure that service providers do not treat health care as a commodity (Gauld, 2005). However, limiting federal funding to clinical services, and excluding administrative services, will be a financial burden to Med icare Locals and subsequently, the communities.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Health Policy: A Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it currently stands, Medicare Locals charge a fee for services they render to customers. Taylor, Foster, and Fleming (2008) indicate that in 2007, Medicare Locals charged a combined 16.5 billion Australian pounds. In contrast, the federal government managed a paltry 8.5 billion Australian pounds from levies on Medicare Locals. In essence, therefore, practitioners at Medicare Locals make a lot of money by charging a fee, an aspect that can diminish quality of services in attempt to serve many people. Financial incentives are leading to poor services in what the initiators intended to be quality services closer to the people. The health policy by the opposition will exacerbate this situation. Medicare Locals will pass on this extra burden to consumers, further taking primary health care services beyond the reach of ordinary citizens. A great concern in Australian health care system is the little concern with preventive health. Rather, the system is reactive, focusing more on treatment of illness. Proponents of Medicare local structured it to take primary health services to the communities but the focus on â€Å"pay-for-service† has provided an incentive towards curative rather than preventive services. This perpetuates rather than curb the myriad challenges the paper referred to at the beginning. Will the health policy by opposition coalition curb this malady? The answer is a resounding no. The new policy proposes to recognize â€Å"general practice as the cornerstone of primary care in the governance structures† (Development O. F. E. C. O. A., p.34, 2013). The policy effectively takes the health care system to where it was before 1980s. Decentralization of primary health aims to suit clinical and preventive services to the needs of the local communities. The health policy intends to take this away. As much as there are challenges in the system, the coalition has gotten it wrong on how to fix it. Ramon (2005) criticized the reforms that the government initiated for â€Å"dumping† all services to the Medicare locals and thus setting them up for failure. The opposition is proposing this same path. Epidemiology Perspective Taylor, Foster, and Fleming (2008) propound that a sound health policy, from an epidemiology perspective, should â€Å"promote intersect oral collaboration, coordination, partnership, and community involvement† (54). Further, the designers and proponents should structure it in a way that places emphasis on preventive health. The health policy that the opposition proposes is failing in this respect. Understandably, a press release cannot provide data to back up a supposition. However, the coalition, in subsequent debates, failed to provide evidence how imposing general prac tice in Medicare Locals will contribute to preventive health.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sociological Perspective Any policy, and more so a health policy, should be focused on promoting equality and be mindful of cultural value. The health policy by the opposition coalition is more inclined towards the financial perspective more than any other thing. The assumption seems so be that stringent financial discipline will improve health care system, which may not necessarily be the case. The originators of the Medicare Locals wanted equality and accessibility in provision of primary health care. Any improvement would therefore go towards making health care even more affordable to many people. The Aborigines for instance are a marginalized group and Medicare Locals strife to provide tailor-made clinical services for the group (Bell, 2010). Any health policy should be towards make it more accessible. The health policy therefore ought to go towards increasing funding to clinical services as well as catering for the administrative cost (Lofgren, De Leahy, 2011). The current pra ctice in which practitioners offer services based on the financial capabilities only serves to perpetuate the discrimination. Good Policy: Winners and Losers After analyzing the four perspectives, it is incumbent to review characteristics of a ‘good’ policy against the one the opposition coalition is proposed. The first one is access and affordability (Lewis, 2003). The health policy does not commit more resources to health care but it is refreshing to note they want accountability and transparency in the current amount. However, the policy fails to scrap the system that provides financial incentive to practitioners out of numbers served rather than quality. A ‘good’ policy should be economically efficient and geared towards public interest accountability. One cannot help but feel a sigh of relief at the thought that the federal funding will go towards clinical services. In spite of the apprehension that practitioners may pass the administrative cost burden to patients, it is refreshing that the quality may improve. The policy is, however, a blanket statement by an aspiring opposition and it would have been prudent for them to give an indication that they will invite various stakeholders for consultations and deliberations. Conclusion In conclusion, it is instructive to note that Australian health care system problems are many and only a multi-pronged solution will work. The solution should outline proper delineation of the roles of different stakeholders within the sector. The federal government, by dint of being the funder, should have its way when it comes to policy but it should consult other stakeholders (Enright Petty, 2013). Health care in many countries is struggling because of unscrupulous cartels that want to take advantage of unsuspecting patients. The government, including the opposition, should work out a formula that elevates the health of its citizens against corporate interests. However, there should be no attempt to reverse decentralization of health care in Australia. References Barraclough, S., Gardner, H. (2008). Analysing health policy: A problem-oriented approach. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Bell, E. (2010). Research for health policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Development, O. F. E. C. O. A. (2013). Waiting time policies in the health sector: What works?. S.l.: Organization For Economic. Enright, M. J., Petty, R. (2013). Australia’s Competitiveness: From Lucky Country to Competitive Country. Hoboken: Wiley. Gardner, H., Barraclough, S. (2002). Health policy in Australia. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. Gauld, R. (2005). Comparative health policy in the Asia-Pacific. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Lewis, M. J. (2003). The people’s health. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Lofgren, H., De, L. E. J. J., Leahy, M. (2011). Democratizing Health: Consumer Groups in the Policy Process. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Palmer, G. R., Short, S. D. ( 2000). Health care public policy: An Australian analysis. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia. Patrick, A. (2013). Downfall: How the Labor Party ripped itself apart. Sydney, N.S.W: HarperCollins Publishers. Ramon, S. (2005). Mental health at the crossroads: The promise of the psychosocial approach. Aldershot [u.a.: Ashgate. Sorensen, R., Iedema, R. (2008). Managing clinical processes. Sydney, N.S.W: Elsevier. Taylor, S., Foster, M., Fleming, J. (2008). Health care practice in Australia: Policy, context and innovations. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. This assessment on Health Policy: A Critical Analysis was written and submitted by user Haylie Olson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Civil Rights Laws

The Civil Rights Laws Discrimination in relation to the race question was not ceased with the end of the Civil War in the United States. As a result, the period of the 1950s-1960s is characterized by the active civil rights movement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil Rights Laws specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this context, the figure of President Dwight D. Eisenhower can be discussed as influential in coping with segregation issues and protecting the African Americans’ civil rights because he demonstrated the significant political courage in enforcing the Civil Rights laws in 1957 and 1960 in order to regulate the voting procedures and provide the discriminated African Americans with the civil freedoms and opportunities. Thus, the Civil Rights laws of 1957 and 1960 affected the nation positively because the principles of the free civil society were stated legally for all the categories of the population without referen ces to racial differences. The 1950s in the history of the United States are characterized as the period of segregating the whites and blacks regarding their civil rights and principle of equality. The idea of social and civil inequality of the African Americans was actively supported in the Southern states of the USA, thus, the black people had no opportunities to receive the education or job position equal to the white people’s ones, and the right to vote was also limited (Dudziak 59-62; Finley 111-120). The focus of the Southern states’ governments on the segregation principles led to the significant tensions between the federal government and states’ governments because of the necessities to overcome the observed racial discrimination. Signing the Civil Rights Act in 1957, President Eisenhower demonstrated his political courage and readiness to oppose the Southern states’ forces which could share different visions of the issue because the law determin ed equal voting rights and protections for the white Americans and African Americans. The Little Rock Crisis of September, 1957, was the clear illustration for the discussed problem. The authorities of Arkansas rejected enrollment of the African American students in the school of Little Rock. As a result, the confrontation was discussed at the federal level, and President Eisenhower sent the troops to protect the rights of the African American students in Arkansas (Jacoway and Williams 11). Such decision demonstrated not only the clear position of President Eisenhower in relation to the nation’s civil rights but also his courage as the political leader.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Civil Rights Act in 1957 was important for the further development of the American society because it was the first time when the federal legislation was enacted regarding the question of civil rights after the decades of silence in relation to the observed problem. In 1957, the Republicans should also demonstrate their political courage in order to support the Act singed by President Eisenhower because the Democrats were against the Act, and the Democrats presented the whole 19% as opposite to 76% of representatives voting for the Act (â€Å"HR. 6127. Civil Rights Act of 1957†). The situation changed in 1960 when 74% of politicians voting for the next Civil Rights Act included 179 representatives of the Democrats and 132 representatives of the Republicans (â€Å"HR 8601. Passage†). These numbers support the idea that the Civil Rights Act of 1960 was developed more effectively in comparison with the Act of 1957, and it covered more legal issues associated with the discriminatory practices which worked to promote segregation earlier. Thus, the procedure of voting in relation to the equality of civil rights for all the categories of the population was improved, and discriminatory practices were limited with the focus on stated penalties. It is important to note that President Eisenhower demonstrated his consistency in relation to promoting the equal civil rights and overcoming prejudicial procedures and practices typical for the segregated society in the United States during the 1950s-1960s. In spite of the fact that the Civil Rights acts of 1957 and 1960 were later discussed by politicians and researchers as not effective enough to overcome discrimination in the American society and provide the African Americans with the equal civil rights to participate in the voting procedure because the other aspects of discrimination were not covered with the acts, the initiative of President Eisenhower to sign the acts was the important step toward creating the equal society. From this point, the Civil Rights acts of 1957 and 1960 are the drafts for developing the effective civil rights legislation, and President Eisenhower needed to demon strate his political courage in order to oppose the visions of the majority (Ambrose 98-112). As a result, the actions of the President contributed to the improvement of the civil rights legislation and linked the public’s intentions to cope with discriminatory practices with the real legal actions in the field. That is why, President Eisenhower helped the nation to see the situation from the other perspective, with the focus on the legal possibilities to overcome discrimination.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil Rights Laws specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the Civil Rights laws of 1957 and 1960 can be discussed as the effective start for developing the appropriate civil rights legislation in the American society. Moreover, to enact the laws, President Eisenhower focused on his leadership abilities and qualities of a citizen to demonstrate the right way in overcoming discrimination. Ambrose, St ephen. Eisenhower: Soldier and President. USA: Premier Digital Publishing, 2013. Print. Dudziak, Mary. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. USA: Princeton University Press, 2011. Print. Finley, Keith. Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight against Civil Rights, 1938–1965. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2008. Print. HR. 6127. Civil Rights Act of 1957. Passed. n.d. Web. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75. HR 8601. Passage. n.d. Web. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h102. Jacoway, Elizabeth, and Fred Williams. Understanding the Little Rock Crisis: An Exercise in Remembrance and Reconciliation. USA: University of Arkansas Press, 1999. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Palm Islands as Eighth Wonder of the World Essay

Palm Islands as Eighth Wonder of the World - Essay Example The author of the paper is  really interested in Palm Jumeirah, the self-proclaimed ‘Eighth Wonder of the World'. Jumeirah Palm Island Jumeirah Palm Island is located in the coastal area located in Dubai, specifically, on the Jumeirah coastal area. The main residence of the area comprise of United Arab Emirates (UAE) people and the South Asians. Though it is the smallest, Jumeirah Palm Island is the original among the three palm islands. What makes the place lovable and a place to miss are its shapes and surrounding marine environment. Like the other two palm islands, Jumeirah Palm Island is shaped like a palm tree with a crescent top, giving it a complicated structure. In the actual description, the island consists of a trunk and a crown with 16 fronts. Breakwater is provided by an 11-kilometer crescent island which surrounds the trunk and the crown. The crescent is build of natural rock meant to provide habitats for marine life and encourage the development of a natural ree f. The island is 5 Km by 5 Km with a total area greater than that of 800 football pitches combined. There is a 300-meter (980  ft) bridge that connects the crown to the mainland while the connection between the crescent and the top of the palm has been achieved through the construction of a subsea tunnel. The length of Dubai coastline doubled due to the construction of this island. In conjunction to with Palm Deira and Palm Jebel Ali, Jumeirah has extended into the Persian Gulf hence increasing the shoreline of Dubai by a total distance of 520 kilometers (Al Darmaki Ibrahim 124). Jumeirah is of great social, cultural and economic significance. The island is meant to feature themed hotels, apartment buildings, marinas, beaches, restaurants, various retail outlets and three types of villas namely Canal Cove Town Homes, Signature Villas, and Garden Homes. Some of the hotels are already operational and others are yet to be opened. By early October 2007, the island was already the worl d's largest artificial island, with 75% of its properties ready for hand over and 500 families already living in it. By the end of 2009, a total of 28 hotels had been opened on the Crescent (CIA 125). Since its construction, the place has been growing to be a very active tourism attraction site and a busy commercial center. The construction of the Palm Jumeirah, Palm Deira, and the Palm Jebel Ali are actually part of the government’s plan to attract tourists and foreign money into its tax-free economy. This means that the residents and government of Dubai and UAE, in general, are already seeing some benefits of the island. According to Chris O'Donnell, Nakheel’s chief executive Jumeirah has already created a national asset with a value of as much as $23 billion (CIA 135). The complexities associated with the place are financial wise. The total cost for constructing the island was US$12.3 billion and maintaining it is a costly expenditure as well. However, the economic gains from the place are enough to maintain it, as indicated by the aforementioned financial worth of the island. The fact that the island is located offshore means that no one was displaced during its construction. However, there arose conflicts in regard to the construction of the island and the survival of marine life.

The Changing Role of Advertising And Promotion in Consumer Markets Essay

The Changing Role of Advertising And Promotion in Consumer Markets - Essay Example Thus, a product may fall short of standards and is inferior to its competitors, but if the advertising done to promote the product is clever and effective, business will be good for the company involved.But there is a growing consensus among top businessmen that the current crop of advertisements is not effective enough to cover for any shortcomings of a product. Nothing demonstrates this better than the amount of respect that advertising gets - or does not get - from business decision-makers. In a US survey of 18,000 business executives conducted by the American Advertising Federation (AAF), it was found that advertising is no longer held in high esteem by business. Of the respondents in the survey, 29 percent said the most important aspect of the business processes is product development, followed by strategic planning with 27 percent of the vote. Public relations got the nod of 16 percent, while 14 percent went for both R&D and financial strategies. Advertising and legal brought u p the rear with 10 percent and 3 percent, respectively (Ries, A. & Ries, L., 2002). The image of advertising before company bosses has in effect plunged to the level of corporate lawyers, whose job has always been the favorite butt of jokes in company gatherings. While the AAF survey served to tarnish the credibility of advertising, it put a shine on the image of public relations. This strengthens the growing conviction that advertising can no longer influence consumers and generate sales on its own. No matter how you look at its miserable rating at the AAF survey, 10 percent is 10 percent and this is enough indication that it still counts as a promotional tool. The unmistakable message gleaned from the survey then is that advertising should now only be part of a marketing mix that ought to include public relations, first and foremost, and the other proven techniques such as sales promotions and personal selling. Marketing Adopting a combination of strategies to push a product or service is what marketing is all about. According to its textbook definition, marketing is "the whole process of storing, shipping, advertising and selling to promote and actualize a sales transaction." Getting the right marketing mix, however, is easier said done. Bedbury & Fenichell (2002) suggest that to get the right combination, companies must first identify their audience, then choose the right message for the right medium. The message must be new and personalized, not something that has been flogged to death by others. In choosing the audience, the selection must be based on such attributes as age, gender, income, married or single, family or couples, housing types, car ownership, hobbies, holiday preferences, attitudes. Don't emphasize the obvious and don't insult the intelligence of consumers with false offers, Bedbury & Fenichell advice. In the marketing strategy, positioning plays an equally important part. Positioning a product for a feasible market involves communication, which has become difficult in an "over-communicated" society (Ries, A. & Trout, J., 2000). But a firm can manage if it considers not only its own strengths and weaknesses but also those of its competitors. The reason is there just too many companies, too many products, and too much noise such that in the US alone, per capita consumption in advertising is placed at $200 per year. The easiest way to get into a person's mind is to be there first

Case study , subject HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGIES FOR THE INTERNATIONAL Essay

Case study , subject HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGIES FOR THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGER - Essay Example This work has looked into the problems in detail using a combination of academic as well as practical perspectives so that fitting solutions can be derived. The results from this study indicate that Manners Europe will have to restructure current human resource management practises without compromising the overall framework brought in from the parent company. Measures include changes in the work schedule styles, compensation patterns as well as hiring and screening procedures. Manners Europe is experiencing visible problems with its human resource management framework being implemented in the European domain. The bulk of these problems originate from Netherlands that has comparably different norms from the American principals. The markedly different cultural attributes resound from the fact that employees expect different behaviour from management while management expects different behaviour from employees. As a result of this friction, neither employees nor management are able to solve this dilemma. It must also be borne in mind that Manners Europe derives itself and its structure from its American origins. Competitiveness and efficiency are the rule of the day for Manner Europe’s higher management who have been bred accordingly in the American organisational cultural perspective. However, for the Dutch working for the organisation, this mode of operation is opposed to cultural values that they have acquired through their socialisation process. The situation demands that the existing Americanised human resources framework of the organisation be adapted to the peculiarities of the Norwegian situation. However, while such an adaptation is being initiated it must be kept in mind that the entire framework should not be remodelled. Such a remodelling attempt would lead to multiple problems such as increased costs for remodelling as well as deviation from the principal

Public Attitudes Towards Health

Public Attitudes Towards Health 2.1 Dianne Salvador Attitudinal determinants: Public attitudes 1. The public concepts of what health is 2. The public concepts of what illness is 3. The importance the public put on health 4. Public attitudes towards health and medical professionals 1. The concept of health refers to a person’s social, mental and physical health. According to the World health Organization health is a characterize of a complete physical, mental, emotional, intellectual and social well being of a person in terms of being free from any ailments or diseases. The community health professional place a strong importance on wellness it includes the quality to established a potential fulfilling and productive life. A client and a health care providers often define wellness and health in different ways. One in every of the foremost vital things in life is to be healthy not simply physically, however mentally and showing emotion likewise. 2. Concepts of Illness Is a personal state in which the person feels unhealthy physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, developmental or the spiritual functioning is weakened or impaired contrast with previous experience. Illness are refers to the subjective sense of feeling sick or feeling unwell illness does not define a specific pathology it refers to a person’s subjective experience of it, such as discomfort, tiredness, anxiety, confusion or general malaise. The way patient address symptoms sometimes it influenced culturally and social background. illness is a wickedness and unpleasantness it is a unhealthy condition of a body and mind. A person’s health was greatly influenced by ventilation, noise, cleanliness, diet, temperature.Cultural differences affect patients’ attitudes about medical care and their ability to understand, manage, and cope with the course of an illness, the meaning of a diagnosis, and the consequences of medical treatment. culture specific values inf luence patient roles and expectations, how much information about illness and treatment is desired, how death and dying will be managed, bereavement patterns, gender and family roles, and processes for decision making. 3. The focus of public health intermediate is to improve health and quality of life through the prevention and treatment of  disease  and other physical and mental health conditions, through  surveillance  of cases and  health indicators, and through the promotion of healthy behaviors. Some examples of common public health measures are the promotion of  hand washing, breastfeeding, family planning, vaccine preventable disease, and distribution of  condoms  to control the spread of  sexually transmitted diseases. The modern public health practice requires  multidisciplinary teams  of professionals including physicians  specializing in public health/community medicine/infectious disease,  epidemiologists, biostatisticians,public health nurses,  medical microbiologists,  environmental health officers/public health inspectors,pharmacists,  dental hygienists,  dietitians  and  nutritionists,  veterinarians, public health engineers, public health law yers,  sociologists, community development workers, communications experts,  bioethicists, and others. The  World Health Organization  (WHO) is the international agency that coordinates and acts on  global public health  issues. 4. The public is making more demands on health professionals and pursuing more engagement in decisions about their care. Dignity and respect and the relational aspects of care are core drivers of satisfaction of both health and social care services. There is important room for improvement in this aspect of care within the NHS, but particularly in social care. Attitudes among the public alter from the completely unconcerned to a small proportion of the public that has a strong views on privacy either from a sense of a private to privacy or because of some sensitive episode in the past that they wish to protect. the majority of the public seem to rely on trust in clinicians the health care system. it is clear that in modern healthcare the public are unclear on the potential roles of medical records. the public develop to be enhancing more comfortable with technology which may reduce fears over privacy but with growing expectation over security choice about access to their records. Reference: Caplan, Arthur L. 1993. The concepts of health, illness and disease. In: ed. William F. Bynum Roy Porter (eds.), Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine, London: Routledge, pp. 233–48. Detmer D. Your privacy or your health – will medical privacy legislation stop quality health care. Int J Qual Health Care 2000;12:1-3. http://www.slideshare.net/drjayeshpatidar/concept-of-illness

Ralph Ellison :: Music Literature Papers

Ralph Ellison Ba-Bap. . .he hit the snare so hard and so clean-right with the bass player, and each of Elvin Jones's four extremities went into motion. The piano played one of those thick McCoy Tyner chords with that deep thoughtful jazz sound that makes my body twitch ever so slightly with momentary satisfaction and anticipation. A split-second descending right-handed run from the piano and Bshhh. . .Elvin let the symbol resonate and moved in with his deadly swinging crisp high hat cht, cht, cht, cht, just as the horns stated the melody in unison a fourth apart. Then, with a punchy five-note line the sax player began his solo. After that phrase he stopped and waited-allowing a few bars to roll by as he felt the rhythm and absorbed the harmonies the piano player offered in response to his line. With his head bent down as if in prayer, he countered with a longer, smoother second phrase that elaborated on the first one but then confidently let his last unresolved note bang out over the audience. I felt my legs moving under me and my head bobbing slightly, and my jaw began to open and shut tightly as if to sing the next phrase. As the solo progressed, I felt I had to hold my breath, waiting for each of the horn player's thoughts to finish before I could take a full breath. The phrases began to get faster and closer together until he was rapidly firing notes out of his horn, and there was increasingly less space to breathe. The notes came in clusters and bursts of creative energy. His ideas seemed to flow from deep within the realms of the uncons cious until he seemed no longer to be in control of his thoughts. Yet, despite the speed of the notes and ideas, he was completely in control and fooled everyone by deftly taking his time-moving slowly 'out' of the scale so subtly that the audience didn't even notice until five minutes later with sweat pooling on his forehead, he had taken his solo all the way "outside" of the music and continued pushing his band further on and outer still. Elvin came crashing down on his kit playing fierce poly patterns that evolved into a rhythmic game of tag with the horn player that just got more and more intense until at last the horn player reached way up and seemed to pull a screeching note out of the ceiling and scream out into the club, before physically bending that note back into the music.

Education & Economics Essay

Education is normally regarded to be one of the things that remain as relatively permanent in this world. Thus, from my personal experiences, it is seen as a solid foundation that is made of sturdy and solid bricks, which it as well serves a obliging partner in attaining my personal and career goals. Although, there are already definite stepping-stones that I have started with regard to my educational growth and development, I still see the need for pursuing an educational program in Economics as an addition to the ones that I already have. It is of great certainty that there are far greater heights to which I am compelled to achieve and persistently pursue these goals by submitting myself to an educational program in Economics Major as a partner in attaining for the said endeavor. The list of reasons for pursuing such objectives includes influences from personal growth requirements. First, it has been my life-long dream to achieve the highest echelon of learning, which is that of a Major in Economics. Thus, this is seen as a constant quest for learning everyday as I feel the great prerequisite to take further steps into the field to which I am most passionate and dedicated about. As such, it is my career goal to be in the said industry as one of the most reliable and reputable practitioners in the field of Economics and established a great career a head. Likewise, achieving such career goal in the said field is also my own way of preparation in facing the challenges of the future. Moreover, as one of the aspirants in such line of business, it has come to my understanding that such endeavour will never be an easy task but is rather a long road of travel filled with several challenges. Likewise, I truthfully comprehend the significance and meaning of Education as the foremost key towards the achievement of my dreams in the field of Economics. In this regard, I truthfully believe that receiving formal studies with that of Major in Economics Major would make me more equipped and prepared for my future career and personal goal. With the current work experiences I have, my future has become more defined and is guided towards achieving success in the particular field I am most passionate about. Thus, with the employment that I have been through, I would say that my qualities and capabilities as an individual has improved that has made me more all set to undergo educational program in Economics. With my experience as a Marketing Manager in Moxie Company on behalf of Hong Kong Information Security Group in which I have worked for three months, this particular experience has gave me a brilliant opportunity to work in a world class environment wherein I get to witness actual progression of business. As such, the same experience has also helped me understand the cultural differences around the world through the chances I got in communicating with different people coming from diverse cultural background. In this regard, my passion and interest to financial matters has been further enhanced and empowered that the whole experience has made more decided to further reach for my personal and career endeavors. Although, the my stint as a Marketing Manager has been through a minimal amount of time, the experience and the learning are indeed essential as well as helpful for me in pursuing a Major in Economics wherein I get the chance to have a grasp of actual business actions and has the opportunity to be more familiar the actual proceedings in the real world. Nonetheless, through these actual work experiences as a Marketing Manager, I am able gain positive traits and characteristics in which I have learned to be more professional and committed to the tasks I have to do and adhere to the duties as well as to the responsibilities that I am compelled attend in the most optimistic and effective manner I could in order to attain the most positive outcome. In addition to this, the chance of being involved through various volunteer works is also seen as relevant in pursuing my dreams and having a major in Economic as these experiences have helped me become more committed in all the things that I do and acquire positive traits in terms of personal and professional capabilities. As such, through this social works, I have learned to be more devoted and passionate not just to my own personal goals and objective but as well as being as equally dedicated to help the society and the people in facing the challenges of life together. In Hong Kong, I have participated in the fund raising event of â€Å"Lifeline Express Dance for Sight† wherein my involvement is to help restore the sense of sight for the blind cataract patients that are living in the remote areas of Mainland china. In here, I just do not solely enjoy the feeling of helping other people but at the same I am also able to learn more about Financial Matters, as seen essential in my goal of pursuing a Major Economics, which this said volunteer work is about fund raising. Nonetheless, it is really my happiness to be involved to different volunteer works. Aside from the fact that I am helping other people through such involvement, the entire experience for me is also helpful personally wherein in every social task that I do I am able to acquire new things and learning that are all helpful in pursuing my dreams and having a Major in Economics. Prompt II Every individual has his/her own personal characteristics that serve as the defining factor for the different goals intended to be achieved. In my academic and professional career, I see that my personal qualities, achievements, and experiences that have given me the chance to see a better future ahead of me. First, I am family-oriented and always have within me the gratefulness of my parents, especially my mother. Every decision I make, the behavior I exhibit, and the ideas that I carry out have their corresponding impact to my family that is why I am always cautious of the path I take. In this endeavor, I consider my family to be a factor and inspiration towards the success that I want to achieve. With them being the supporting framework of my goals, I have the confidence that I am standing on more stable grounds than if I am all alone. Likewise, the values that are provided to me by my family have defined the person that I am now. Being the first set of social group I get to interact with in my early days up to now, they have given me enough training in establishing and maintaining valuable relationships both within the family and in the external environment. I see this as a valuable factor in my success in the academic setting because there is a bigger social sphere that is present within the university and this affects the academic performance of people. No man is an island is a rule that applies to this and the ability to relate well to other people within the school serves as a good factor for the achievement of several goals. In addition to this, the gratefulness that I have within my heart serves as a positive driving force for me to do well in every activity that I intend to accomplish in the school. Compared to other motivating factors that last only for a short period of time, this level of gratefulness and the need to reciprocate the kindness my mother has shown me is on a futuristic perspective that has the strength to last. Second, I consider myself as an enthusiastic, optimistic, active, and resourceful person especially in school activities. The enthusiasm that I have provides me with the courage to deal with difficult undertakings. While some may seem hard to achieve as it entails gargantuan tasks, I never gave up because of the determination and enthusiasm I have over studying and doing far more than what is expected of me. Likewise, I always opt to look at the brighter side of things that make it easier for me to accomplish goals. Instead of dwelling over the difficulties I face in school, I look for the things which could help me accomplish the things I need to do and this has worked for me over the years. Moreover, the activities I join in have given me the chance to socialize and learn through it. I realized that not all of the things I need to learn in life are found within the four walls of the classroom. Rather, learning could also occur in the extracurricular activities I engage into such as the volunteer works, past work experiences, sports, and dancing activities that helped me learn more than what is taught of me in these programs. There are values such as collaboration, sportsmanship, perseverance, hard work, diligence, and will that I have derived from the training that is received out of these activities. Third, the volunteer activities I completed have also given me a sense of pride and honor and have added a piece to my life’s puzzle. I have connected with the purpose of the programs and activities that are at the center of our goals and this has built within me the ability to relate to the larger social sphere which I am in. Not everyone is given the chance to understand critically the society, especially with the problems that beset it today. This is important to me because it has given me the chance to get a preview and a taste of how it really is in the world outside the university. This is the practical side of life and aside from the theories found within the pages of the books, it is important for students to be able to understand the life beyond what is being considered by the experts and theorists in the different fields. This is carried with the belief that there is no single theory which can hold true for the present-day scenario. There is really the need to immerse in the areas where problems exist in order to find out the theory that is suitable for it. Fourth, I have earned several accomplishments during my school years. I have been given Honors Award for the year 2004-2005 for the Schools Dance Festival (Hong Kong) and Commended Award for the year 2002-2004 in the same respect. Likewise, I received certification for the Hong Kong Cultural Centre Education Series in 2003 and serves as a team leader for the Contemporary Dance Team. Lastly, I have also participated in the Grace House Committee. All of these personal and academic accomplishments serve as my proof that I could achieve several things if there is patience and hard work. I learned that the effort that I exert would be commensurate to the outcome that I will achieve out of the activities I engage in. Indeed, I have been able to achieve several things during the length of time I stayed within the university. This has taught me several valuable insights that lead me to become better in achieving things. Likewise, my family, most especially my mother, has shaped me to become the person that I am today and this is one thing that I am most grateful for. Personally, I could say that the right mix of determination, enthusiasm, optimism, and resourcefulness brought success to the intentions I have.

5 Smart Hobbies That Will Make You Enough Money to Quit Your Day Job

5 Smart Hobbies That Will Make You Enough Money to Quit Your Day Job More and more people are making the transition to being independent workers, taking advantage of freelance opportunities, contracting, and temporary employment to generate extra income- sometimes even enough to quit their full-time jobs. If you have a dream of taking your supplemental income to the next step- whether you want to be an entrepreneur, a freelance artist, a blogger, a filmmaker, or anything else- you should first make sure you have a solid financial game plan laid out before you quit your day job. Make sure you have enough income, plus some savings should that income drop off at any point.And if you don’t quite know yet how you want your work life to look, here are 5 ideas you could use to make side income your whole income.1. Online MarketingAny product or service can be sold from anywhere to anyone, thanks to the digital world, search engines, and social media. Sign yourself or your business up for a social media account and start attracting as many big brands a nd companies as you can. The more followers you have, the greater your chances of earning marketing dollars will be. Depending on your sponsoring brand, you could earn up to $500-5,000 per post.2. InvestingThe stock market is always a risky option, but it is a great way to maximize your returns. The stock exchange and bank stocks are relatively safe and price-to-book ratios usually low. Major banks can also be a smart choice, considering how important their functioning is to the government. Learn how to expertly move your positions and you could see your profits rise.3. Taking on GigsThe gig economy is on the rise. Whether you have a specialized talent that you can farm out on the internet or in the tech sector, or you’re less educated and tech-savvy but still have valuable skills to offer, such as art or craftsmanship or even driving for a ride-share company, your entire income could be made this way.4. MLM and FranchisesIf you have a little capital saved up, owning a franch ise can be quite profitable. Pick something you’re passionate about and start researching!  You’ll have the added peace of mind knowing the business model worked once already, and many of the kinks have been worked out. There’s also Multi-Level Marketing, which can be a great source of income, comes with business advice and a marketing plan, and doesn’t require you to launch a new business entirely, but comes with fewer guarantees.5. Online TeachingIf you know another language, or are particularly good at standardized tests, you could be making $20-100 per hour tutoring people in languages or ACT/SAT/IELTS tests remotely via Skype or other platforms. Try online teaching job sites like Learn4Good or Indeed to start. Once you start reaching income goals in this field, you can easily convert into full-time work.Whatever you do, be sure to pick something that you are passionate about. Also take your schedule into account. Can you only work weekends, or do y ou have more time to devote to building your business? If you need a chunk of capital to get you started, try to avoid sidling yourself with big loans so you don’t get bogged down with interest payments.

brown vs. board of education Essay Example

brown vs. board of education Essay Example brown vs. board of education Essay brown vs. board of education Essay The case that came to be known as Brown v. Board of Education was actually the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U. S. Supreme Court concerning the issue of segregation in public schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA. ), Boiling v. Sharpe, and Gebhart v. Ethel. While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsored segregation in public schools. Once again, Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund handled these cases. Although it acknowledged some of the plaintiffs/plaintiffs claims, a three-judge panel at the U. S. District Court that heard the cases ruled in favor of the school boards. The plaintiffs then appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court. When the cases came before the Supreme Court in 1952, the Court consolidated all five cases under the name of Brown v. Board of Education. Marshall personally argued the case before the Court. Although he raised a variety of legal issues on appeal, the most common one was that separate school systems for lacks and whites were inherently unequal, and thus violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. Furthermore, relying on sociological tests, such as the one performed by social scientist Kenneth Clark, and other data, he also argued that segregated school systems had a tendency to make black children feel inferior to white children, and thus such a system should not be legally permissible. Meeting to decide the case, the Justices of the Supreme Court realized that they were deeply divided over the issues raised. While most anted to reverse Plessy and declare segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, they had various reasons for doing so. Unable to come to a solution by June 1953 (the end of the Courts 1952-1953 term), the Court decided to rehear the case in December 1953. During the intervening months, however, Chief Justice Fred Vinson died and was replaced by Gov. Earl Warren of California. After the case was reheard in 1953, Chief Justice Warren was able to do something that his predecessor had not†i. . bring all of the Justices to agree to support a unanimous decision eclaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On May 14, 1954, he delivered the opinion of the Court, stating that We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.. E xpecting opposition to its ruling, especially in the southern states, the Supreme Court did not immediately try to give direction for the implementation of its ruling. Rather, it asked the attorney generals of all states with laws permitting segregation in their public schools to submit plans or how to proceed with desegregation. After still more hearings before the Court concerning the matter of desegregation, on May 31, 1955, the Justices handed down a plan for how it was to proceed; desegregation was to proceed with all deliberate speed. Although it would be many years before all segregated school systems were to be desegregated, Brown and Brown II (as the Courts plan for how to desegregate schools came to be called) were responsible for getting the process underway. Facts This case is a consolidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Vlrglnla, ana Delaware. several DlacK cn llaren (tnrougn tnelr legal representatlves, Ps sought admission to public schools that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In all but one case, a three Judge federal district court cited Plessy v. Ferguson in denying relief under the separate but equal doctrine. On appeal to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs contended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were herefore deprived of equal protection of the laws. Issue Is the race-based segregation of children into separate but equal public schools constitutional? Holding and Rule (Warren) No. The race-based segregation of children into separate but equal public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and is unconstitutional. Segregation of children in the public schools solely on the basis of race denies to black children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, even though the physical facilities and other may be equal. Education in public schools is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. The question presented in these cases must be determined not on the basis of conditions existing when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, but in the light of the role of public education in American life today. The separate but equal doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, which applied to transportation, has no place in the field of public education. Separating black children from others solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that ay affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. The impact of segregation is greater when it has the sanction of law. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law tends to impede the educational and mental development of black children and deprives them of some of the benefits they would receive in an integrated school system. Essay Brown v. Board of Education The case of brown v. board of education was one of the biggest turning points for African Americans to becoming accepted into white society at the time. Brown vs. Board of education to this day remains one of, if not the most important cases that African Americans have brought to the surface for the better of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education (Silent Covenants pg 1 1); it was about being equal in a society that claims African Americans were treated equal, when in fact they were definitely not. This case was the starting point for many Americans to realize that separate but equal did not work. The separate but equal label did not make sense either, the circumstances were clearly not separate but equal. Brown v. Board of Education brought this out, this case was the reason that blacks and whites no longer have separate restrooms and water fountains, this was the case that truly destroyed the saying separate but equal, Brown vs. Board of education truly made everyone equal. The case started in Topeka, Kansas, a black third-grader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad switchyard to get to her black elementary school, even though a white elementary school was only seven blocks away. Lindas father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll ner In tne wnlte elementary scnool seven DlocKs Trom ner nouse, out tne rincipal of the school refused simply because the child was black. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, the head of Topekas branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and asked for help (All Deliberate Speed pg 23). The NAACP was eager to assist the Browns, as it had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools. The NAACP was looking for a case like this because they fgured if they could Just expose what had really been going on in separate but equal society that the circumstances really were not separate but equal.

Motorola analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Motorola analysis - Essay Example In addition, Mr. Reed also helped the Company generate significant cost savings by consolidating suppliers and implementing a comprehensive supply chain strategy. 16 DOUGLAS, Isle of Man - 5th March 2008 - Motorola, Inc. (NYSE:MOT) has been chosen by the Isle of Man Government Department of Home Affairs to supply a fleet of covert TETRA terminals. Motorola will supply the covert devices in mid 2008, which will be used by the Isle of Man Constabulary and Customs & Excise. 16 Motorola worked closely with a number of public safety users including the Isle of Man Department of Home Affairs, Isle of Man Constabulary and Isle of Man Customs & Excise during the design process to ensure it delivered a covert TETRA radio that met the special needs of the users. The new TCR1000 TETRA Covert Radio will help improve operational effectiveness as the small ergonomic design means officers do not feel as though they are wearing a radio, helping them to disguise their equipment during covert operations. "At last Motorola have a covert radio that is fit for purpose," says Robert Williamson, technical director, Isle of Man Department of Home Affairs. ... DOUGLAS, Isle of Man - 5th March 2008 - Motorola, Inc. (NYSE:MOT) has been chosen by the Isle of Man Government Department of Home Affairs to supply a fleet of covert TETRA terminals. Motorola will supply the covert devices in mid 2008, which will be used by the Isle of Man Constabulary and Customs & Excise. 16 Motorola worked closely with a number of public safety users including the Isle of Man Department of Home Affairs, Isle of Man Constabulary and Isle of Man Customs & Excise during the design process to ensure it delivered a covert TETRA radio that met the special needs of the users. The new TCR1000 TETRA Covert Radio will help improve operational effectiveness as the small ergonomic design means officers do not feel as though they are wearing a radio, helping them to disguise their equipment during covert operations. "At last Motorola have a covert radio that is fit for purpose," says Robert Williamson, technical director, Isle of Man Department of Home Affairs. "TETRA is a very appropriate communications technology for policing activity, but until now Motorola have not had a suitable form factor for covert operations. Motorola's innovative TETRA radio design will be of real benefit in everyday covert activities. Our users are delighted with the new covert set." The small, lightweight design of the TCR1000 Covert TETRA terminal incorporates many innovative features to address the unique requirements of covert users such as discrete audio, radio control and battery lifetime. Despite the compact design, the Motorola covert TETRA radio performs to the same high standards as more mainstream Motorola TETRA terminals and offers excellent functionality including options for integrated GPS and end to end

Sharing your Results Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sharing your Results - Assignment Example The methodology used in the research entailed a practical approach whereby raw results were used to formulate the hypothesis. In addition, evaluation of the companies’ profits in view of their production capacity indicated the need for companies to develop an effective marketing plan that will be able to capture either the entire market or a specific niche of customers. The research indicated that the two companies used marketing as a means to capture the target population for their products and services. It was also established that initial market research would provide the best alternative for the companies to obtain an in depth understanding of the market and buying trends. Another important aspect in controlling consumer behavior included the need to attract new customers and to retain them. Given that the companies sell similar products such as coffee, it is important for them to have an effective marketing plan that will create a diversified customer base. Starbucks is a coffeehouse chain and a global coffee company located in Seattle, Washington. The company was started in 1971 as a coffee bean roster and retailer and has grown rapidly over the time. It is one of the largest coffee companies in the world, with 13,049 in the USA while in other countries as China, Canada, Japan and the UK there are 1,909, 1,555, 1,089, and 927 stores respectively. Overseas stores constitute up to one third of the entire company indicating its wider geographical range to potential customers (Michelli, 2007). The company serves both hot and cold beverages including Whole-bean coffee, full-leaf teas, micro-ground instant coffee, pastries and snacks. Also, their evening locations offer a wide variety of beers, appetizers and wines after 4 pm. On the other hand, Costa Coffee is a multinational coffeehouse company based in Dunstable, United Kingdom. It is also a worldwide